Siglo XXI, tiempo de inclusión: llega el momento de revisar la categoría género en la práctica clínica / 21st century, time for inclusion: time has come to review gender category in clinical practice

Un reciente artículo publicado por Fuerza de Tareas de Servicios Preventivos de EE.UU. (en inglés, USPSTF), comunicó los resultados de una revisión enfocada a identificar cuestiones vinculadas a la perspectiva de género en la elaboración de las recomendaciones que esta institución emite regularmente. En esa publicación los autores reconocieron que el sexo biológico y la identidad de género no son habitualmente tenidos en cuenta en los estudios de investigación, lo que constituye una barrera para implementar recomendaciones que optimicen una práctica clínica inclusiva. A partir de esa comunicación, la autora de este artículo editorial considera aspectos vinculados con el género que se reflejan en nuestro pensamiento, lenguaje y abordaje clínico, situándolos en el contexto de los cambios culturales y normativos sucedidos en Argentina durante las últimas dos décadas. (AU)

A recent article published by the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) reported the results of a review focused on identifying gender-related issues in the development of the recommendations this institution regularly issues. In that publication, the authors recognised that biological sex and gender identity are often not taken into account in research studies, which constitutes a barrier when it comes to implementing recommendations that optimise inclusive clinical practice. Based on that communication, the author of this article examines aspects related to gender that are reflected in our way of thinking, language and clinical approach, placing them in the context of the cultural and regulatory changes that have taken place in Argentina over the last two decades. (AU)

Attitudes and practices of open data, preprinting, and peer-review-A cross sectional study on Croatian scientists.

Attitudes towards open peer review, open data and use of preprints influence scientists' engagement with those practices. Yet there is a lack of validated questionnaires that measure these attitudes. The goal of our study was to construct and validate such a questionnaire and use it to assess attitudes of Croatian scientists. We first developed a 21-item questionnaire called Attitudes towards Open data sharing, preprinting, and peer-review (ATOPP), which had a reliable four-factor structure, and measured attitudes towards open data, preprint servers, open peer-review and open peer-review in small scientific communities. We then used the ATOPP to explore attitudes of Croatian scientists (n = 541) towards these topics, and to assess the association of their attitudes with their open science practices and demographic information. Overall, Croatian scientists' attitudes towards these topics were generally neutral, with a median (Md) score of 3.3 out of max 5 on the scale score. We also found no gender (P = 0.995) or field differences (P = 0.523) in their attitudes. However, attitudes of scientist who previously engaged in open peer-review or preprinting were higher than of scientists that did not (Md 3.5 vs. 3.3, P<0.001, and Md 3.6 vs 3.3, P<0.001, respectively). Further research is needed to determine optimal ways of increasing scientists' attitudes and their open science practices.

Dissemination of Anesthesia Information During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Through Twitter: An Infodemiology Study.

BACKGROUND: Twitter is a web-based social media platform that allows instantaneous sharing of user-generated messages (tweets). We performed an infodemiology study of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Twitter conversation related to anesthesiology to describe how Twitter has been used during the pandemic and ways to optimize Twitter use by anesthesiologists. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of tweets related to the specialty of anesthesiology and COVID-19 tweeted between January 21 and October 13, 2020. A publicly available COVID-19 Twitter dataset was filtered for tweets meeting inclusion criteria (tweets including anesthesiology keywords). Using descriptive statistics, tweets were reviewed for tweet and account characteristics. Tweets were filtered for specific topics of interest likely to be impactful or informative to anesthesiologists of COVID-19 practice (airway management, personal protective equipment, ventilators, COVID testing, and pain management). Tweet activity was also summarized descriptively to show temporal profiles over the pandemic. RESULTS: Between January 21 and October 13, 2020, 23,270 of 241,732,881 tweets (0.01%) met inclusion criteria and were generated by 15,770 accounts. The majority (51.9%) of accounts were from the United States. Seven hundred forty-nine (4.8%) of all users self-reported as anesthesiologists. 33.8% of all tweets included at least one word or phrase preceded by the # symbol (hashtag), which functions as a label to search for all tweets including a specific hashtag, with the most frequently used being #anesthesia. About half (52.2%) of all tweets included at least one hyperlink, most frequently linked to other social media, news organizations, medical organizations, or scientific publications. The majority of tweets (67%) were not retweeted. COVID-19 anesthesia tweet activity started before the pandemic was declared. The trend of daily tweet activity was similar to, and preceded, the US daily death count by about 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The toll of the pandemic has been reflected in the anesthesiology conversation on Twitter, representing 0.01% of all COVID-19 tweets. Daily tweet activity showed how the Twitter community used the platform to learn about important topics impacting anesthesiology practice during a global pandemic. Twitter is a relevant platform through which to communicate about anesthesiology topics, but further research is required to delineate its effectiveness, benefits, and limitations for anesthesiology discussions.

Assessment of transparency indicators across the biomedical literature: How open is open?

Recent concerns about the reproducibility of science have led to several calls for more open and transparent research practices and for the monitoring of potential improvements over time. However, with tens of thousands of new biomedical articles published per week, manually mapping and monitoring changes in transparency is unrealistic. We present an open-source, automated approach to identify 5 indicators of transparency (data sharing, code sharing, conflicts of interest disclosures, funding disclosures, and protocol registration) and apply it across the entire open access biomedical literature of 2.75 million articles on PubMed Central (PMC). Our results indicate remarkable improvements in some (e.g., conflict of interest [COI] disclosures and funding disclosures), but not other (e.g., protocol registration and code sharing) areas of transparency over time, and map transparency across fields of science, countries, journals, and publishers. This work has enabled the creation of a large, integrated, and openly available database to expedite further efforts to monitor, understand, and promote transparency and reproducibility in science.

Trabajando la relación Universidad-sociedad. Abordaje multidisciplinar y difusión social / Working the University-Society relationship. Multidisciplinary approach and social diffusion

INTRODUCCIÓN: La transferencia del conocimiento a la sociedad es una de las funciones importantes de la Universidad, lo que implica el uso de un lenguaje y unos medios adecuados hacia los diferentes colectivos de la sociedad, atendiendo a grupos de edad y situaciones socioeconómicas diversas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: A través de las competencias transversales de cada grado, competencias genéricas que se relacionan con la puesta en práctica de una forma integrada de aptitudes, conocimientos y valores adquiridos, se ha realizado este proyecto de innovación docente con alumnado de la Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea. En él se han trabajado las habilidades del alumnado en el uso de diferentes registros de comunicación oral y escritura según la audiencia hacia la que se dirigen. Este trabajo se ha realizado dentro de un equipo multidisciplinar, de forma que el alumnado ha podido conocer y afrontar problemas de salud que requieren una actuación conjunta con otros profesionales del ámbito sanitario y científico. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIÓN: Esta interacción entre alumnado de diferentes grados ha permitido su enriquecimiento, proporcionándoles una visión más amplia de lo que pueden aportar los diferentes profesionales frente al mismo problema o reto. Desde este proyecto se ha planteado, a través de metodologías activas, favorecer la interacción entre los futuros profesionales de diferentes disciplinas y concienciar de la importancia de la transmisión de conocimiento a la sociedad, creando redes que contribuyan a la innovación y transferencia

INTRODUCTION: The transfer of knowledge to society is one of the important functions of the university, which implies the use of an appropriate language and means towards the different groups of society, attending to age groups and diverse socio-economic situations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Through the transversal competences of each Degree, generic competences that are related to the implementation of an integrated form of acquired skills, knowledge and values, this teaching innovation project has been carried out with students from the University of The Basque Country (UPV / EHU). Thus, the student's abilities in the use of different oral and written communication registers according to the target audience have been studied. This work has been carried out within a multidisciplinary team, in such a way that the student has been able to know and face health problems that require joint action with other professionals in the health and scientific field. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: This interaction among students of different degrees has allowed their enrichment, providing them with a broader vision of what different professionals can contribute to the same problem or challenge. From this project, it has been proposed, through active methodologies, to promote interaction between future professionals from different disciplines, and to raise awareness of the importance of the transmission of knowledge to society, creating networks that contribute to innovation and transfer

Social Media for Hematopathologists: Medical Practice Reinvented-#Hemepath.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Social media engagement by medical professionals with varied background subspecialties has steadily gained popularity in recent years. As a heavily visual discipline, pathology has been able to leverage social media platforms for trainee education, curbside and official consultations, interdisciplinary communication, and interactions among medical professionals and patient education. The pathology community has been at the forefront of using social media as an educational forum, and the hematopathology community has emerged as one of the strongest and most influential presences on these online platforms. In this review, we perform an in-depth analysis of various Twitter metrics to demonstrate key trends in the usage of social media as it pertains to hematopathology using the hashtag #Hemepath and we describe specific details on how hematopathologists have managed to take advantage of Twitter in furthering our mission of advancing medical education and disseminating knowledge using these innovative virtual educational experiences. RECENT FINDINGS: The hematopathology community has a great degree of enthusiasm among residents, fellows, and faculty in sharing educational material using case-based examples, participating in group-based online activities, introducing new publications by article authors or readership, and disseminating educational "pearls" from medical conferences, using hashtags and digital images that otherwise would not be readily available to many around the globe. This practice is helping reshape the structure of our field and is providing opportunities to optimize the educational experience by enhancing the instant exposure to cutting-edge information and expert opinions, among other valuable features. The hematopathology community has leveraged social media platforms for disseminating educational material and strengthening interdisciplinary interactions and is a "poster child" for a medical subspecialty that has thrived and flourished by more broadly adopting virtual educational platforms. We hope that this review will provide details on how social media platforms can be used by others in the medical field to achieve similar goals.

Research during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: To "Preprint" or not to "Preprint", that is the question / Investigación durante la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2: "Preprint" o no "Preprint", esa es la cuestión

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Measuring researchers' potential scholarly impact with structural variations: Four types of researchers in information science (1979-2018).

We propose a method to measure the potential scholarly impact of researchers based on network structural variations they introduced to the underlying author co-citation network of their field. We applied the method to the information science field based on 91,978 papers published between 1979 and 2018 from the Web of Science. We divided the entire period into eight consecutive intervals and measured structural variation change rates (ΔM) of individual authors in corresponding author co-citation networks. Four types of researchers are identified in terms of temporal dynamics of their potential scholarly impact-1) Increasing, 2) Decreasing, 3) Sustained, and 4) Transient. The study contributes to the understanding of how researchers' scholarly impact might evolve in a broad context of the corresponding research community. Specifically, this study illustrated a crucial role played by structural variation metrics in measuring and explaining the potential scholarly impact of a researcher. This method based on the structural variation analysis offers a theoretical framework and a practical platform to analyze the potential scholarly impact of researchers and their specific contributions.

Bibliometric and visualized analysis of global research on fungal keratitis from 1959 to 2019.

BACKGROUND: Fungal keratitis is one of the leading causes of ocular morbidity. The prognosis of fungal keratitis is poorer than many other forms of keratitis but the research of which relatively lags behind. We conducted a bibliometric and visualized analysis in order to characterize the overall status, general trends and current foci of keratomycosis research field. METHODS: Literature database ranged from 1959 to 2019 was obtained from web of science core collection and analyzed by Citespace and VOSviewer software. RESULTS: A total of 1906 papers of fungal keratitis were retrieved and derived a 27,917 references document set. The number of publications increased rapidly in past 30 years. Cornea was the journal published most papers of keratomycosis. The leading countries were United States of America (USA), India and Peoples Republic of China (PRC), from where came the most productive and most cited institutions and authors. Co-cited reference analysis revealed the most cited manuscripts were concerned about epidemiology or spectrum. Lens-associated Fusarium, amphotericin B, voriconazole, corneal cross-linking, predisposing factor are some of the high frequency topics in clustered co-cited reference analysis and co-occurrence keywords analysis. Burst detection analysis of keywords showed ocular drug delivery was the new research foci. CONCLUSION: From this study, we received an overall view to the current status, trends and hot spots of fungal keratitis research field. Visualized bibliometric analysis is an efficient way for literature learning and useful for future researchers.

A network analysis of research productivity by country, discipline, and wealth.

INTRODUCTION: Research productivity has been linked to a country's intellectual and economic wealth. Further analysis is needed to assess the association between the distribution of research across disciplines and the economic status of countries. METHODS: By using 55 years of data, spanning 1962 to 2017, of Elsevier publications across a large set of research disciplines and countries globally, this manuscript explores the relationship and evolution of relative research productivity across different disciplines through a network analysis. It also explores the associations of those with economic productivity categories, as measured by the World Bank economic classification. Additional analysis of discipline similarities is possible by exploring the cross-country evolution of those disciplines. RESULTS: Results show similarities in the relative importance of research disciplines among most high-income countries, with larger idiosyncrasies appearing among the remaining countries. This group of high-income countries shows similarities in the dynamics of the relative distribution of research productivity over time, forming a stable research productivity cluster. Lower income countries form smaller, more independent and evolving clusters, and differ significantly from each other and from higher income countries in the relative importance of their research emphases. Country-based similarities in research productivity profiles also appear to be influenced by geographical proximity. CONCLUSIONS: This new form of analyses of research productivity, and its relation to economic status, reveals novel insights to the dynamics of the economic and research structure of countries. This allows for a deeper understanding of the role a country's research structure may play in shaping its economy, and also identification of benchmark resource allocations across disciplines for developing countries.

A bibliometric analysis of publications on venous thromboembolism in children from 1988 to 2019.

INTRODUCTION: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in children not only imposes a heavy burden on the medical resources and economy of the society, but also seriously affects the growth and development of children, even threaten children's lives. A large number of publications have been performed in this field in recent years. In this bibliometric analysis, publications on VTE in children were examined and analyzed to explain the present research hotspots. METHODS: Articles related to VTE in children published in the PubMed database from 1988 to June 18, 2019 were selected as the research sample. BICOMB software was used to retrieve the annual publications, journals, journal source countries and the high-frequency major medical subject headings (MeSH) terms on the articles. Then, the co-word matrix was constructed by BICOMB using the selected high-frequency MeSH terms. Next, gCLUTO software was used to analyze the matrix by double clustering and visual analysis in a strategy of hotspot identification. In addition, CiteSpace software was used to perform the knowledge map of co-authors to explore the core authors. RESULTS: One thousand seven hundred seventy-nine articles on VTE in children were obtained. Seven hundred ninety academic journals distributed in 58 countries have published articles on VTE in children, and the developed countries and the United States were the major force in the journal source countries. Nowak-Göttl U occupied an important position in this field. We constructed a co-word matrix composing of 37 high-frequency MeSH terms, generated visual matrix and visual hill, and classified the hot-spots into 5 aspects based on 8 categories. CONCLUSION: The results show that the research trend of children's VTE has been increasing gradually, and the sound achievement has been obtained in these hotspots in relation to the area of inherited thrombophilia, prevention and control, treatment, diagnosis, prevalence, risk factors, and complication study. However, there is a lack of communication and cooperation in this field, and the gap of national and regional research results is huge. To sum up, this study provides evidence and guidance for researchers, clinicians, and educators.

Scoping Review on Rehabilitation Scoping Reviews.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the extent, scope, and methodological quality of rehabilitation scoping reviews. DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive list of scoping reviews conducted in the broader health field (inception to July 2014), with a further update of that list (up to February 2017) using similar methods, including searching 9 electronic databases. STUDY SELECTION: Articles were included if they were scoping reviews within rehabilitation. Established review methods were used including (1) a PubMed filter detecting rehabilitation content and (2) title-and-abstract screening by 2 independent reviewers applied sequentially to articles from the existing list of scoping reviews and to the updated search results. Full-text articles were reviewed by 1 reviewer, with discrepancies resolved by another after pilot screening with > 80% agreement. Remaining discrepancies were resolved by external experts. DATA EXTRACTION: Two independent reviewers used piloted and standardized data extraction forms. DATA SYNTHESIS: We screened 1823 records, including 992 full texts, to identify 251 rehabilitation-related scoping reviews. Rehabilitation scoping reviews had an exponential yearly increase since 2008 (r2=0.89; P<.01). The literature addressed diverse topics (eg, spread over 43 condition groupings); 43% were published in Canada. Examples of methodological limitations included: 39% of reviews did not cite the use of a methodological framework, 96% did not include the appropriate flow diagram, 8% did not report eligibility criteria, and 57% did not report data extraction details. CONCLUSIONS: The increasing popularity of scoping reviews in rehabilitation has not been met by high standards in methodological quality. To increase the value of rehabilitation scoping reviews, rehabilitation stakeholders need to use existing methodological standards for the conduct, reporting, and appraisal of scoping reviews.